Abstract
arXiv:2602.22769v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents in complex, long-horizon applications, where effective memory is critical for sustained performance. Yet existing memory benchmarks are largely dialogue-centric, while real agent memory consists of continuous agent-environment interaction trajectories composed of states, actions, observations, and tool outputs. To address this gap, we introduce **AMA-Bench** (**A**gent **M**emory with **A**ny length), a benchmark for evaluating long-horizon memory in realistic agentic settings. AMA-Bench combines real-world agent trajectories from representative applications with expert-curated QA, as well as synthetic trajectories that scale to arbitrary horizons with rule-based QA. Our study shows that existing memory systems underperform because they fail to capture causal and objective information and rely heavily on lossy similarity-based retrieval. We further propose **AMA-Agent**, a memory system based on causality-graph construction and tool-augmented retrieval. AMA-Agent achieves **57.22%** accuracy on AMA-Bench, outperforming the strongest baseline by **11.16%**. Resources are available at: [https://ama-bench.github.io/](https://ama-bench.github.io/).