Abstract

It is well established that training deep neural networks gives useful representations that capture essential features of the inputs. However, these representations are poorly understood in theory and practice. In the context of supervised learning an important question is whether these representations capture features informative for classification, while filtering out non-informative noisy ones. We explore a formalization of this question by considering a generative process where each class is associated with a high-dimensional manifold and different classes define different manifolds. Under this model, each input is produced using two latent vectors: (i) a "manifold identifier" \(\gamma\) and; (ii)~a "transformation parameter" \(\theta\) that shifts examples along the surface of a manifold. E.g., \(\gamma\) might represent a canonical image of a dog, and \(\theta\) might stand for variations in pose, background or lighting. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that neural r

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