Robust Adversarial Policy Optimization Under Dynamics Uncertainty
2026 Β· Mintae Kim, Koushil Sreenath
Abstract
Reinforcement learning (RL) policies often fail under dynamics that differ from training, a gap not fully addressed by domain randomization or existing adversarial RL methods. Distributionally robust RL provides a formal remedy but still relies on surrogate adversaries to approximate intractable primal problems, leaving blind spots that potentially cause instability and over-conservatism. We propose a dual formulation that directly exposes the robustness-performance trade-off. At the trajectory level, a temperature parameter from the dual problem is approximated with an adversarial network, yielding efficient and stable worst-case rollouts within a divergence bound. At the model level, we employ Boltzmann reweighting over dynamics ensembles, focusing on more adverse environments to the current policy rather than uniform sampling. The two components act independently and complement each other: trajectory-level steering ensures robust rollouts, while model-level sampling provides policy-
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