Abstract

In this paper, we propose new problem-independent lower bounds on the sample complexity and regret in episodic MDPs, with a particular focus on the non-stationary case in which the transition kernel is allowed to change in each stage of the episode. Our main contribution is a novel lower bound of \(Ω((H^3SA/\epsilon^2)log(1/\delta))\) on the sample complexity of an \((\epsilon,\delta)\)-PAC algorithm for best policy identification in a non-stationary MDP. This lower bound relies on a construction of "hard MDPs" which is different from the ones previously used in the literature. Using this same class of MDPs, we also provide a rigorous proof of the \(Ω(\sqrt\{H^3SAT\})\) regret bound for non-stationary MDPs. Finally, we discuss connections to PAC-MDP lower bounds.

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