Abstract

Backdoor attacks on reinforcement learning implant a backdoor in a victim agent's policy. Once the victim observes the trigger signal, it will switch to the abnormal mode and fail its task. Most of the attacks assume the adversary can arbitrarily modify the victim's observations, which may not be practical. One work proposes to let one adversary agent use its actions to affect its opponent in two-agent competitive games, so that the opponent quickly fails after observing certain trigger actions. However, in multiagent collaborative systems, agents may not always be able to observe others. When and how much the adversary agent can affect others are uncertain, and we want the adversary agent to trigger others for as few times as possible. To solve this problem, we first design a novel training framework to produce auxiliary rewards that measure the extent to which the other agents'observations being affected. Then we use the auxiliary rewards to train a trigger policy which enables the a

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  • Multi-Agent

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  • arxiv keychen2022backdoor

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