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Symmetry, entanglement, and the S-matrix

Abstract

We present a general framework connecting global symmetries to the relativistic S-matrix through the lens of quantum information theory. Analyzing the 2-to-2 scattering of particles of any helicity, we systematically characterize relativistic scattering amplitudes as quantum gates in the bipartite space of states with a discrete quantum number. This formalism naturally recovers and significantly extends previous results on entanglement suppression of the S-matrix, providing a comprehensive approach for studying the emergence of symmetries from an information-theoretic perspective. As a central result, we show that constraining the S-matrix to the span of minimally entangling operators is equivalent to realizing an emergent SU(N) global symmetry.

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