Abstract
We investigate the zero-temperature phase diagram of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with power-law hopping decaying with distance as 1/r^α using exact large scale Quantum Monte-Carlo simulations. For all 1<α≤ 3 the quantum phase transition from a superfluid and a Mott insulator at unit filling is found to be continuous and scale invariant, in a way incompatible with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) scenario, which is recovered for α>3. We characterise the new universality class by providing the critical exponents by means of data collapse analysis near the critical point for each α and from careful analysis of the spectrum. Large-scale simulations of the grand canonical phase diagram and of the decay of correlation functions demonstrate an overall behavior akin to higher dimensional systems with long-range order in the ground state for α ≤ 2 and intermediate between one and higher dimensions for 2<α ≤ 3. Our exact numerical results provide a benchmark to compare theories of long-range quantum models and are relevant for experiments with cold neutral atom, molecules and ion chains.