Ability of unbounded pairs of observers to achieve quantum advantage in random access codes with a single pair of qubits

Abstract

Complications in preparing and preserving quantum correlations stimulate recycling of a single quantum resource in information processing and communication tasks multiple times. Here, we consider a scenario involving multiple independent pairs of observers acting with unbiased inputs on a single pair of spatially separated qubits sequentially. In this scenario, we address whether more than one pair of observers can demonstrate quantum advantage in some specific $2\to 1$ and $3\to 1$ random access codes. Interestingly, we not only address these in the affirmative, but also illustrate that unbounded pairs can exhibit quantum advantage. Furthermore, these results remain valid even when all observers perform suitable projective measurements and an appropriate separable state is initially shared.