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Topological qubits from valence bond solids

Abstract

Topological qubits based on -symmetric valence-bond solid models are constructed. A logical topological qubit is the ground subspace with two-fold degeneracy, which is due to the spontaneous breaking of a global parity symmetry. A logical -rotation by angle , for any integer $N > 2$, is provided by a global twist operation, which is of topological nature and protected by the energy gap. A general concatenation scheme with standard quantum error-correction codes is also proposed, which can lead to better codes. Generic error-correction properties of symmetry-protected topological order are also demonstrated.

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