Abstract
Voting is a cornerstone of democracy, allowing citizens to express their will and make collective decisions. With advancing technology, online voting is gaining popularity as it enables voting from anywhere with Internet access, eliminating the need for printed ballots or polling stations. However, despite its benefits, online voting carries significant risks. A single vulnerability could be exploited to manipulate elections on a large scale. Centralized systems can be secure but may lack transparency and confidentiality, especially if those in power manipulate them. Blockchain-based voting offers a transparent, tamper-resistant alternative with end-to-end verifiability and strong security. Adding cryptographic layers can also ensure voter confidentiality.